Due to the popularity of home gyms and the availability of low-cost imports, the price of exercise equipment has decreased substantially in the past 30 years. Despite these improvements, most formal gymnastics equipment is still above the reach of many consumers. Several options are available, however, for improving access to quality experiences.
Homemade Equipment
Beginners who are learning the most basic moves may be able to use simple homemade equipment. A variety of YouTube videos show how to make equipment suitable for simple exercises, although not for intermediate or advanced moves. Individuals using homemade equipment should beware the risk, which may cause injury or death.
Direct Imports
Formal gymnastics equipment is available low-cost through the formal supplier to the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Tiashan Sports, as an import direct from China. For instance, an Olympic pommel horse, parallel bars, and rings with support frame, plus 3 landing mats, shipping to an Eastern USA seaport, and import tax (approximately 5.5% in the USA), were quoted in February 2015 as only $13,000. Equipment must be picked up at seaport, or shipped within the USA at additional expense. Other foreign suppliers can of equipment can be located on the Made-in-China website, and other foreign trade websites.
Online Discount Vendors
A variety of online discount vendors, including Amazon.com, provide surprisingly low prices on formal gymnastics equipment. Some equipment is delivered with free shipping directly from Amazon, while other equipment is delivered at additional cost directly from vendors. Amazon.com offers Olympic gymnastics equipment, as well as preparatory equipment for children and traditional exercise equipment. The latter, including bicycles and weights from low-cost vendors such as Sunny Health & Fitness, may be the most convenient for facilitating gymnastics training at home.
For serious gymnasts, equipment will require a special building with a high ceiling. Several low-cost options include tension fabric structures, steel structures, and pole barns. These options are available at ultra low-cost from China, with prices as low as $3 per square foot, compared to US models from $9 per square foot or more! Some companies also offer free installation options.
Additional Information
The Physics and Biophysics of Floor, Vault, High Bar, Rings, Parallel Bars, and Pommel Horse
Wednesday, October 21, 2015
Wednesday, October 7, 2015
Examining Periodicity with a Goniometer
Gymnastic routines involve many types of repetitive motions. In graphs, repetitive motions tend to appear as sine wave functions. Sometimes, multiple sine wave functions must be added, in order to create more complex graphs. A form of advanced mathematics called Fourier analysis allows scientists to analyze oscillation which is more complicated than a simple sine wave.
The following graph is excerpted from The Science of Gymnastics: Volume 2 from Schottenbauer Publishing.
- What is the smallest angle of contraction of the arm? What is the largest angle?
- Counting from the bottom of the first trough, what is the amplitude of the first oscillation? What is the amplitude of the second oscillation?
- Counting from the bottom of the first trough, what is the wavelength of the first oscillation? What is the wavelength of the second oscillation?
- In the first two oscillations, what is the average frequency of oscillation?
- What occurs at the end of the graph?
Additional graphs of oscillatory motion in gymnastics are available in the same volume, The Science of Gymnastics: Volume 2 from Schottenbauer Publishing. Similar physics data is also available in Volume 2 of several other lab manual series, including The Science of Athletic Training, The Science of Exercise Equipment, The Science of Yoga, Pilates, & Ballet, and more.
Additional Information
Saturday, September 5, 2015
Force & Acceleration in Gymnastics
Common gymnastics events can demonstrate the relationship between force and acceleration. Consider the following graphs, excerpted from The Science of Gymnastics: Volume 1 from Schottenbauer Publishing. Although both graphs demonstrate a similar phenomenon, these data were recorded on separate occasions.
Discussion Questions
- What is the maximum force in the first graph? The second graph?
- In the first graph, how long is the person in the air for each jump?
- What is the maximum acceleration in the second graph (assuming that the x axis is vertical)?
- In the first graph, where does the person begin? (a) On the floor, (b) On the force plate.
- In the first graph, where does the person end? (a) On the floor, (b) On the force plate.
- In theory, which requires more force? (a) Stretch Jump, (b) Bounding.
- In the first graph, which shows the most force? (a) Stretch Jump, (b) All Bounds, (c) Final Bound.
- In the second graph, which shows the most force? (a) Stretch Jump, (b) All Bounds, (c) Final Bound.
- In theory, which requires more acceleration? (a) Stretch Jump, (b) Bounding.
- In the second graph, which shows the most acceleration? (a) Stretch Jump, (b) All Bounds, (c) Final Bound.
- In the second graph, what is the maximum height of the bounding?
- Do these two graphs show similar technique? If not, describe the differences in words.
Additional graphs of force and acceleration, are available in the same volume, The Science of Gymnastics: Volume 1 from Schottenbauer Publishing. Similar physics data is also available in Volume 1 of several other lab manual series, including The Science of Athletic Training, The Science of Exercise Equipment, The Science of Yoga, Pilates, & Ballet, and more.
Additional Information
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Tuesday, July 28, 2015
Graphing Breathing Technique with a Spirometer
Breathing is essential for life, and proper breathing technique is essential for success in gymnastics. The following graph, excerpted from The Science of Gymnastics: Volume 2 from Schottenbauer Publishing, illustrates one of the most common breathing problems in gymnastics:
Discussion Questions
Additional graphs of breathing techniques, plus other biophysics variables, are available in the same volume, The Science of Gymnastics: Volume 2 from Schottenbauer Publishing. Similar biophysics data is also available in Volume 2 of several other lab manual series, including The Science of Athletic Training, The Science of Exercise Equipment, The Science of Yoga, Pilates, & Ballet, and more.
Discussion Questions
- Describe the set of maximum values.
- Describe the set of minimum values.
- What is the average maximum value?
- What is the average minimum value?
- Describe the set of times for the breathing cycle, beginning with inhale and ending with exhale.
- What is the average length of the cycle in time?
- What is the average length of time the breath is held?
- Describe the breathing cycle in words, using a few sentences.
Additional graphs of breathing techniques, plus other biophysics variables, are available in the same volume, The Science of Gymnastics: Volume 2 from Schottenbauer Publishing. Similar biophysics data is also available in Volume 2 of several other lab manual series, including The Science of Athletic Training, The Science of Exercise Equipment, The Science of Yoga, Pilates, & Ballet, and more.
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Sunday, March 1, 2015
Science of Gymnastics: Volume 4
A new volume of The Science of Gymnastics: Data & Graphs for Science Lab has arrived! Volume 4 features 24 brightly colored graphs depicting a variety of moves on pommel horse, parallel bars, and rings, plus handstands. Many of the moves are available for viewing in a series of free videos on the publisher's YouTube site under the playlist Gymnastics.
The graph below is excerpted from the Volume 4:
Discussion Questions
- Describe the minimum and the maximum value for each variable.
- How high do the feet travel? Are the feet ever higher than the hips? Than the head?
- During this sequence of moves, are the legs straight? Is the body straight?
- Describe the initial and final positions of the legs.
- Can the height of the parallel bars be determined from this graph? If so, what is it?
- If this graph shows the swings slowed by 2x, what is the timing of the actual swings?
Additional Information
Thursday, October 2, 2014
The Physics of Gymnastics: Pendulum Motion and Circles
Physics divides motion into two general types: translational (straight) motion and rotational (curved) motion. Two types of rotational motion are prevalent in gymnastics: pendulum motion (swinging) and rotation (circles).
The graphs below, excerpted from the science lab manuals Gravity, Springs, & Collisions: Graphs of Classical Physics Experiments from Schottenbauer Publishing, show patterns of motion from pendulum motion and circular motion.
Discussion Questions
Data such as those above can be obtained in several series of science and math books by M. Schottenbauer, Ph.D. The first set of books are multi-volume series of graphs. Selections from these lab manuals have also been collected into anthologies:
Graphs & Data for Science Lab: Multi-Volume Series
Young audiences may be interested in the following series of geometry workbooks on gymnastics and related topics:
Geometry Workbooks
With Kindle Unlimited ($9.99/month) at Amazon.com, you can read all e-books from Schottenbauer Publishing for no extra charge! Amazon offers Free 30 Day Trials of Kindle Unlimited. With this deal, trial members can read all Schottenbauer Publishing e-books free! This includes all the geometry workbooks, plus "The World in a Graph," "Alphabets of the World," textbooks on the science of music, all the e-book puzzles, and the educational novels by M. Schottenbauer, Ph.D.
The graphs below, excerpted from the science lab manuals Gravity, Springs, & Collisions: Graphs of Classical Physics Experiments from Schottenbauer Publishing, show patterns of motion from pendulum motion and circular motion.
Discussion Questions
- What variables are present in Graphs 1? In Graph 2? Is it possible to compare motion using these variables?
- In which dimensions is there motion in the top graph? In the lower graph?
- Qualitatively describe the motion contained in these two graphs. What are the similarities? What are the differences?
- Which types of gymnastics moves involve pendulum motion? How are these moves different from the motion described in Graph 1?
- Which types of gymnastics moves involve circular motion? How are these moves different from the motion described in Graph 2?
Data such as those above can be obtained in several series of science and math books by M. Schottenbauer, Ph.D. The first set of books are multi-volume series of graphs. Selections from these lab manuals have also been collected into anthologies:
Graphs & Data for Science Lab: Multi-Volume Series
- The Science of Gymnastics
- The Science of Athletic Training
- The Science of Exercise Equipment
- The Science of Yoga, Pilates, & Ballet
- The Science of Gymnastics
- The Science of Summer Olympic Sports
- The Science of Physical Fitness
- The Science of Dance & Ballet
- The Science of Yoga
Young audiences may be interested in the following series of geometry workbooks on gymnastics and related topics:
Geometry Workbooks
- The Geometry of Gymnastics
- The Geometry of Summer Olympic Sports
- The Geometry of Yoga
- The Geometry of Ballet
Unbeatable Specials
With Kindle Unlimited ($9.99/month) at Amazon.com, you can read all e-books from Schottenbauer Publishing for no extra charge! Amazon offers Free 30 Day Trials of Kindle Unlimited. With this deal, trial members can read all Schottenbauer Publishing e-books free! This includes all the geometry workbooks, plus "The World in a Graph," "Alphabets of the World," textbooks on the science of music, all the e-book puzzles, and the educational novels by M. Schottenbauer, Ph.D.
Friday, September 26, 2014
Graphs Shed Light on the Science of Gymnastics
Gymnastics is an amazing sport, which can be studied scientifically in several different ways. First of all, there is a simple physics perspective on the sport: trajectory of movement, velocity, acceleration, and force. But gymnastics is much more complicated, and must include multiple aspects of the human body in order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of its movements. Biophysics data, including joint angles, electrical activity of the muscles (EMG) and heart (EKG), heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and lung capacity add additional perspective to the sport of gymnastics.
Real scientific data on gymnastics is now available to the public in a set of science lab books, The Science of Gymnastics, from Schottenbauer Publishing. These books, which are suitable for science classes from 7th grade through 12th grade, plus some college and university, offer a variety of samples of data from the above categories. The books can be integrated into math and science classes, plus physical education, health, and coaching sessions in extracurricular sports.
Several samples from the lab manuals (Copyright 2014; All Rights Reserved) are included below.
Discussion Questions
1) For each graph, describe the range of x and y variables.
2) Which graph above provides the data most self-evident to observers of gymnastics?
3) On Graph 1, how many times does the gymnast bound? Is the force of bounding greater than the stretch jump? If so, why?
4) On Graph 2, what is greater, the electrical activity associated with dipping down or pushing up? What occurs after the dip has been completed?
5) On Graph 3, how high is the ankle during the V-Sit, in comparison to the ankle during the L-Sit? How long is the leg? What is the angle of the V-Sit?
Data such as those above can be obtained in several series of science and math books by M. Schottenbauer, Ph.D. The first set of books are multi-volume series of graphs. Selections from these lab manuals have also been collected into anthologies:
Graphs & Data for Science Lab: Multi-Volume Series
Anthologies of 28 Graphs
Real scientific data on gymnastics is now available to the public in a set of science lab books, The Science of Gymnastics, from Schottenbauer Publishing. These books, which are suitable for science classes from 7th grade through 12th grade, plus some college and university, offer a variety of samples of data from the above categories. The books can be integrated into math and science classes, plus physical education, health, and coaching sessions in extracurricular sports.
Several samples from the lab manuals (Copyright 2014; All Rights Reserved) are included below.
Discussion Questions
1) For each graph, describe the range of x and y variables.
2) Which graph above provides the data most self-evident to observers of gymnastics?
3) On Graph 1, how many times does the gymnast bound? Is the force of bounding greater than the stretch jump? If so, why?
4) On Graph 2, what is greater, the electrical activity associated with dipping down or pushing up? What occurs after the dip has been completed?
5) On Graph 3, how high is the ankle during the V-Sit, in comparison to the ankle during the L-Sit? How long is the leg? What is the angle of the V-Sit?
Data such as those above can be obtained in several series of science and math books by M. Schottenbauer, Ph.D. The first set of books are multi-volume series of graphs. Selections from these lab manuals have also been collected into anthologies:
Graphs & Data for Science Lab: Multi-Volume Series
- The Science of Gymnastics
- The Science of Athletic Training
- The Science of Exercise Equipment
- The Science of Yoga, Pilates, & Ballet
Each of these series contains multiple volumes, with the following content:
- Volume 1: Force & Acceleration
- Volume 2: Biophysics (Joint Angles, EKG/EMG, Heart Rate/BP, & Breathing)
- Volume 3: Video Analysis
- The Science of Gymnastics
- The Science of Summer Olympic Sports
- The Science of Physical Fitness
- The Science of Dance & Ballet
- The Science of Yoga
Additional Information
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